Countries · RU

Russia: sanctions and trade risk

Heavy sanctionsExtensive EU, Swiss, UK and US sectoral sanctions and export controls apply to Russia.

As of 7 November 2026, the screened UN, EU, UK, Swiss and US sanctions lists contain 6,427 companies, organisations, vessels and aircraft linked to Russia.Lists last checked .

Logistics profile: ports, airports, customs, documents, holidays, news ↓

Russia is under extensive sector sanctions and export controls. Many goods are banned outright; even ordinary goods need a check against the sector restrictions, and parties are frequently listed.

Sources: SECO — Massnahmen im Zusammenhang mit der Situation in der Ukraine (17 Aug 2026) · European Commission — Q&A on the 21st package (QANDA/26/1686) (24 Jul 2026) · OFAC — Sanctions Programs and Country Information (active programs) (24 Oct 2026) · reviewed 24 Oct 2026

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By sanctions regime

The indicator above is the strictest of these. Which regimes are relevant to a shipment depends on many connections — dispatch country, company location, incorporation, nationality, ownership, banks, goods origin. The check selects them from your inputs in a simplified way; UN measures take effect through each country's implementing law.

RegimeIndicatorWhat applies
UN—No UN sanctions regime.
EUHeavy sanctionsSectoral sanctions and export bans (21 packages, renewed to Jul 2027).
SwitzerlandHeavy sanctionsMirrors the EU measures (annexes amended Aug 2026).
UKHeavy sanctionsUK Russia regime: extensive trade, finance and services bans.
USHeavy sanctionsExtensive US sanctions and export controls.

On the sanctions lists

6,427 entries on the official lists name Russia — as nationality, address, registration or flag. That links them to the country; it says nothing about other companies there. The same company can appear on several lists and is then counted once per list. Individuals are not included — Sanctioni does not process them.

ListEntries
US OFAC — Specially Designated Nationals (SDN)3,478
Switzerland SECO Consolidated Sanctions List1,487
EU Consolidated Financial Sanctions List (FSF)762
UK Sanctions List (FCDO)443
US OFAC — Consolidated (Non-SDN) Lists257

Latest changes

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Logistics profile

Russia: logistics and trade

Raw materials and energy exporter / Eurasian transit country

Russia (ISO code: RU) is the largest country in the world by area, spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia with access to the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea, the Arctic Ocean and the Pacific. It is a federal republic with a strongly centralised power structure. Climates range from Arctic in the north and continental across much of Siberia to temperate zones in the west and south. Economically, Russia holds major reserves of oil, gas, coal and metals that play a central role in value creation and logistics. Foreign trade is traditionally export-oriented in energy and raw materials, while machinery, industrial goods and consumer products are imported; import dependence is pronounced for technology and specialised equipment. Key transport modes are rail, pipelines, seaports and inland waterways. The national currency is the Russian Ruble (RUB).

Capital
Moscow
Population
146,028,325
Area
17,098,246 km²
Currency
Russian Ruble (RUB)
Continent
Europe / Asia
Region
Eurasia / CIS
Economic area
EAWU (Eurasian Economic Union / Customs Union)
Religions
Russian Orthodox, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Judaism
Access to the sea
Yes

Transport modes Rail · Pipeline · Sea · Road · Air · Inland waterway

Current situation
Trade flows shifted strongly since 2022 towards China, India, Turkey and Central Asia; expansion of the Trans-Siberian/BAM and the INSTC North-South corridor in focus; parallel imports declined in 2025 (as of June 2026).
Seasonal conditions
Winter icing of Arctic and Baltic ports requires icebreakers; extreme cold in Siberia; spring flooding and rasputitsa mud periods hinder road and inland waterway traffic.

Main seaports

  • Novorossiysk
  • Primorsk

    Primorsk (RU PRI): Russia's largest Baltic oil export terminal, end of the Baltic Pipeline. No containers – alternatives: Ust-Luga, St. Petersburg.

  • Vostochnyy

    Vostochny (RUVYP): deep-water, ice-free Pacific port near Nakhodka, Russia. Russia's largest coal-export and Far East container terminal; Trans-Siberian terminus.

  • Vladivostok

    Vladivostok (RUVVO), largest universal port in the Russian Far East: Trans-Siberian terminus, about 878,700 TEU in 2024, containers, oil, coal, grain. Operated by FESCO.

  • Nakhodka

    Nakhodka (RUNJK): one of Russia's largest coal-export ports on the Sea of Japan, with oil harbour, breakbulk and reefer.

  • Murmansk

    Murmansk (RU MMK): year-round ice-free Barents Sea port – coal, oil and fish, ~14M t in 2024; western start of the Northern Sea Route, Lavna underused.

Main cargo airports

  • Sheremetyevo International AirportSVO

    Sheremetyevo (SVO/UUEE): Russia's largest cargo airport, Moscow Cargo terminal ~380,000 t. Western carriers gone; freight routes via China, Turkey, Gulf.

  • Domodedovo International AirportDME

    Moscow Domodedovo (DME): auctioned to Sheremetyevo for $880m in 2026, heavily indebted, mostly domestic flights. 24/7 cargo terminal over 200,000 t.

  • Vnukovo International AirportVKO

    Vnukovo (VKO/UUWW): Moscow's third airport, ~16m passengers 2024, Europe's busiest for business aviation, Cargo Terminal B; main freight via Sheremetyevo.

  • Koltsovo AirportSVX

    Koltsovo (SVX/USSS), Yekaterinburg: regional air-cargo access to the Urals, freight via S7, Ural Airlines and Air Astana; intercontinental main legs via Moscow.

Road corridors

  • M4 Don (Moscow-Novorossiysk)
  • M10/M11 (Moscow-Saint Petersburg)
  • M7 Volga (Moscow-Ufa)
  • R297 Amur (Chita-Khabarovsk)

Rail corridors

  • Trans-Siberian Railway (Trans-Siberian)
  • Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM)
  • International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC)

Inland ports

  • Volga waterway (Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan)
  • Volga-Don Canal
  • Moscow / Moscow-Volga Canal

Main trade lanes

  • Russia-China (rail/sea/pipeline)
  • Russia-India (INSTC/sea)
  • Russia-Turkey (Black Sea)
  • Russia-Central Asia (EAWU)

Customs and import

Customs authority Federal Customs Service of Russia (FTS / FCS)Official website ↗

Import customs system
Electronic customs declaration under the Customs Code of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAWU); clearance via the FTS automated information system, advance information and electronic declaration mandatory.
Export customs system
Electronic export clearance under the EAWU Customs Code via the FTS system; export duties, licences and export controls apply to energy carriers, raw materials and dual-use goods.
Import VAT
Import VAT 22 percent standard rate since 1.1.2026 (previously 20), reduced rate 10 percent on certain foods and goods, 0 percent for exports; levied at import (Law 425-FZ).
Proofs of origin and trade agreements
EAWU internal market duty-free (Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan); free trade agreements with, among others, Vietnam, Serbia, Iran and Singapore; proof of origin CT-1/EAV.
Restricted and prohibited goods
Parallel imports without trademark owner consent extended to 2026; weapons, drugs and dual-use goods require a licence.

Typical import documents

  • Commercial invoice
  • Packing list
  • Waybill (CMR/Bill of Lading/Air waybill)
  • Customs declaration (DT)
  • EAC conformity certificate (TR ZU/TR EAEU)
  • Certificate of origin

Typical export documents

  • Commercial invoice
  • Packing list
  • Export customs declaration
  • Transport document
  • Export licence/permit if applicable
  • Certificate of origin

Logistics conditions

Customs complexity
High
Customs delays
High
Port congestion
Medium
Dangerous goods relevance
High
Pharma and cold chain relevance
Medium
E-commerce relevance
Medium

Trade

Top import goods

  • Machinery
  • Electronic devices
  • Vehicles
  • Pharmaceutical products
  • Food

Top export goods

  • Mineral oils
  • Natural gas
  • Metals
  • Coal; fertilizers

Typical cargo

  • Crude oil and petroleum products
  • Natural gas and LNG
  • Coal
  • Metals and fertilizers
  • Grain
  • Machinery and electronics (imports)

Latest logistics news

Logistics questions

What import duties and taxes apply in Russia?

Imports are subject to import VAT of 22 percent (since 1 January 2026, previously 20; reduced 10 percent on certain goods), plus the Eurasian Economic Union's common external tariff and, where applicable, excise duties.

What are parallel imports and are they permitted?

Since 2022 Russia has permitted parallel imports, i.e. importing certain branded goods without the rights holder's consent. The mechanism was extended through 2026, though the list of eligible goods is regularly adjusted and was narrowed in 2025.

What are Russia's most important seaports?

The largest ports include Novorossiysk on the Black Sea, Ust-Luga and Primorsk on the Baltic, St. Petersburg, plus Vostochny, Vladivostok and Nakhodka in the Far East and Murmansk in the Arctic.

What role does rail transport play?

Rail is central: the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM) link the west with the Far East and China. Both are being expanded to absorb cargo flows redirected towards Asia.

Which customs authority is responsible and how is clearance handled?

The Federal Customs Service of Russia (FTS) is responsible. Clearance is handled electronically under the Eurasian Economic Union Customs Code via the FTS automated information system, with mandatory advance information.

Is Russia part of a customs union?

Yes. Russia is a member of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) together with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Tariffs are removed within the union, while a common external tariff applies to imports from outside.

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Powered by Freight Academy, verified 27 Jun 2026. Logistics information, not a sanctions source.

Indicator: the route rules of the Sanctioni check, curated from the published sanctions programmes of the UN, EU, UK, Switzerland and the US. Entries: the live version of each list (data sources), updated every 6 hours.

A preliminary screening aid — not legal advice and not a compliance clearance. The official publication of the competent authority prevails.

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